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The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) is a European treaty (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional language and minority languages in Europe. It only applies to languages traditionally used by the nationals of the State Parties (thus excluding languages used by recent immigrants from other states), which significantly differ from the majority or official language (thus excluding what the state party wishes to consider as mere local dialects of the official or majority language) and which either have a territorial basis (and are therefore traditionally spoken by populations of regions or areas within the State) or are used by linguistic minorities within the State as a whole (thereby including such languages as Yiddish language and Romani language, which are used over a wide geographic area).

Languages which are official within regions or provinces or federal units within a State (for example Catalan language in Spain) are not classified as official languages of the State and may therefore benefit from the Charter. On the other hand, the Republic of Ireland has not been able to sign the Charter on behalf of the Irish language (although a minority language) as it is defined as the first official language of the state. The United Kingdom has, though, ratified the Charter in respect of (among other languages) Irish language in Northern Ireland in Northern Ireland. France, although a signatory, has been constitutionally blocked from ratifying the Charter in respect of the languages of France.

The charter provides a large number of different actions state parties can take to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages. There are two levels of protection—all signatories must apply the lower level of protection to qualifying languages; signatories may further declare that a qualifying language or languages will benefit from the higher level of protection which lists a range of actions from which states must agree to undertake at least 35.

Languages protected under the Charter The countries which have ratified the Charter and the languages for which the ratification was made are the following:

{| width="100%"| style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 1em; width: 50%;" |ratification: 25 January 2002

• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
• Yezidi language
• Greek language
• Russian language
• Kurdish language

ratification: 28 June 2001Austria has ratified the Charter for each language in respect of specific States of Austria

• Croatian language of Burgenland
• Slovene language (in Carinthia (state) and Styria)
• Hungarian language (in Burgenland and Vienna)
• Czech language (in Vienna)
• Slovak language (in Vienna)
• Romani language (in Burgenland)

ratification: 5 November 1997

• Italian language
• Serbian language
• Hungarian language
• Czech language
• Slovak language
• Rusyn language
• Ukrainian language

ratification: 26 August 2002

• Armenian language

ratification: 15 November 2006

• Slovak language (parts II and III, across the whole territory)
• Polish language (part II; and part III in Moravian-Silesian Region, in districts Frýdek-Místek District and Karviná District)
• German language (part II only)
• Romani language (part II only)

ratification: 8 September 2000Note verbale accompanying the Denmark ratification specified that, whilst the Charter was not going to be ratified in respect of the two languages, Faroese language and Greenlandic language are each official in their respective territories

• German language (in Southern Jutland)

ratification: 9 November 1994

• Sami language
• Swedish language (co-official language)

ratification: 16 September 1998Germany has ratified the Charter for each language in respect of specific States of Germany

• Danish language (in Schleswig-Holstein)
• Upper Sorbian (in the Free State of Saxony)
• Lower Sorbian (in Brandenburg)
• North Frisian language (in Schleswig-Holstein)
• Saterland Frisian language (in Lower Saxony)
• Romany language (across Germany)
• Low German language (in Bremen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein)

ratification: 26 April 1995

• Croatian language
• German language
• Romanian language
• Serbian language
• Slovak language
• Slovene language

ratification: 18 November 1997

• No regional or minority languages

ratification: 22 June 2005

• (to be confirmed)Luxembourg is not listed on the Council of Europe site

ratification: 15 February 2006

• Albanian language
• Romani language

ratification: 2 May 1996

• Frisian language (in Friesland)
• Limburgish language (across the Netherlands)
• Dutch Low Saxon (across the Netherlands)
• Romani language (across the Netherlands)
• Yiddish language (across the Netherlands)

| style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 1em; width: 50%;" |

ratification: 10 November 1993

• Kven language
• Sami language

ratification: 15 February 2006

• Albanian language
• Bosnian language
• Bulgarian language
• Hungarian language
• Romani language
• Romanian language
• Rusyn language
• Slovakian language
• Ukrainian language
• Croatian language

ratification: 5 September 2001

• Bulgarian language
• Croatian language
• Czech language
• German language
• Hungarian language
• Polish language
• Romani language
• Rusyn language
• Ukrainian language

ratification: 4 October 2000

• Hungarian language
• Italian language
• Romani language

ratification: 9 April 2001

• Basque language (co-official language in the Basque Country (autonomous community) and part of Navarre)
• Catalan language (co-official in the Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia (autonomous community))
• Galician language (co-official in Galicia (Spain))

ratification: 9 February 2000

• Finnish language
• Meänkieli
• Sami language
• Romani language
• Yiddish language

ratification: 23 December 1997

• Italian language
• Romansh

ratification: 19 September 2005

The Ukraine does not specify languages by name, but rather ratifies on behalf of the languages of the following ethnic minorities:As of 2007 July 2007, Ukraine's entry on the on the Council of Europe site does not list the languages in respect of which the Republic of Ukraine has ratified the Charter.

• Bulgarians
• Belarusians
• Tatars
• Gagauz people
• Greeks
• Germans
• Magyars
• Jew
• Moldovans
• Poles
• Romanians
• Russians
• Slovaks

ratification : 27 March 2001

All languages are ratified as applicable to the territory of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, except Manx, which is ratified on behalf of the Crown dependency of the Isle of Man.

• Cornish language
• Irish language
• Manx language (ratified on behalf of Politics of the Isle of Man)
• Scots language in Scotland and Northern Ireland (Ulster Scots language)
• Scottish Gaelic language
• Welsh language

|}

Notes and references See also

• European languages
• Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
• Languages of the European Union
• Language policy in France
• Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights
• Vergonha

External links

• European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages page (Legal Affairs, Council of Europe)
• More information

European Charter for regional or minority languages
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Language Policy Evaluation and the European Charter for Regional or ...
It is relevant beyond the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages as it encompasses universal themes in language policy. Strong and expert on the more quantitative ...

EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES
annex b european charter for regional or minority languages guidance on meeting uk government commitments in respect of irish and ulster scots (version 2)

European Charter For Regional Or Minority Languages
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages CETS No.: 148: Treaty open for signature by the member States and for accession by non-member States

European Charter For Regional Or Minority Languages
European Charter For Regional Or Minority Languages Department for Regional Development Code Of Courtesy For Ulster-Scots Introduction Linguistic diversity must be regarded as a ...

European Charter For Regional Or Minority Languages
European Charter For Regional Or Minority Languages Department for Regional Development Code Of Courtesy For Irish Introduction Linguistic diversity must be regarded as a common ...

Minority Rights Group International : International instruments ...
... concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples; Document of the Copenhagen meeting of the conference on the human dimension of the CSCE; European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages ...

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages | Department of ...
Information on DARD's commitments to the European Charer on regiona and minority languages ... On 2nd March 2000, the UK Government signed up to the European Charter for Regional ...

ETS no. 148 - European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, (ETS No. 148), entered into force January 3, 1998.